+

A leading plus sign indicates that this word must be present in each row that is returned.

-

A leading minus sign indicates that this word must not be present in any of the rows that are returned.

Note: The - operator acts only to exclude rows that are otherwise matched by other search terms. Thus, a boolean-mode search that contains only terms preceded by - returns an empty result. It does not return “all rows except those containing any of the excluded terms.”

(no operator)

By default (when neither + nor - is specified) the word is optional, but the rows that contain it are rated higher. This mimics the behavior of MATCH() ... AGAINST() without the IN BOOLEAN MODE modifier.

> <

These two operators are used to change a word's contribution to the relevance value that is assigned to a row. The > operator increases the contribution and the < operator decreases it. See the example following this list.

( )

Parentheses group words into subexpressions. Parenthesized groups can be nested.

~

A leading tilde acts as a negation operator, causing the word's contribution to the row's relevance to be negative. This is useful for marking “noise” words. A row containing such a word is rated lower than others, but is not excluded altogether, as it would be with the - operator.

*

The asterisk serves as the truncation (or wildcard) operator. Unlike the other operators, it should be appended to the word to be affected. Words match if they begin with the word preceding the * operator.

If a stopword or too-short word is specified with the truncation operator, it will not be stripped from a boolean query. For example, a search for '+word +stopword*' will likely return fewer rows than a search for '+word +stopword' because the former query remains as is and requires stopword* to be present in a document. The latter query is transformed to +word.

"

A phrase that is enclosed within double quote (“"”) characters matches only rows that contain the phrase literally, as it was typed. The full-text engine splits the phrase into words, performs a search in the FULLTEXT index for the words. Nonword characters need not be matched exactly: Phrase searching requires only that matches contain exactly the same words as the phrase and in the same order. For example, "test phrase" matches "test, phrase".

If the phrase contains no words that are in the index, the result is empty. For example, if all words are either stopwords or shorter than the minimum length of indexed words, the result is empty.

'Toth Brown'

Find rows that contain at least one of the two words.

'+Toth +Brown'

Find rows that contain both words.

'+Toth Brown'

Find rows that contain the word “Toth”, but rank rows higher if they also contain “Brown”.

'+Toth -Brown'

Find rows that contain the word “Toth” but not “Brown”.

'+Toth ~Brown'

Find rows that contain the word “Toth”, but if the row also contains the word “Brown”, rate it lower than if row does not. This is “softer” than a search for '+Toth -Brown', for which the presence of “Brown” causes the row not to be returned at all.

'+Toth +(>water <nitrogen)'

Find rows that contain the words “Toth” and “water”, or “Toth” and “nitrogen” (in any order), but rank “Toth water” higher than “Toth nitrogen”.

'spectr*'

Find rows that contain words such as “spectrum”, “spectra”, “spectroscopy”, or “spectroscopic”.

'"some words"'

Find rows that contain the exact phrase “some words” (for example, rows that contain “some words of wisdom” but not “some noise words”). Note that the “"” characters that enclose the phrase are operator characters that delimit the phrase. They are not the quotes that enclose the search string itself.